A multitude of factors contributes to cancer disparities. Addressing these disparities among racial/ethnic minority populations with blood cancers requires multilevel models of the interactions between relevant factors and the performance of translational research that uses knowledge of cancer biology to develop and test the feasibility of interventions that can impact human endpoints. To be effective, efforts should be made to advance these research findings to applications that can transform clinical practice and health care delivery. We reviewed the literature to define a framework for overcoming disparities for patients with hematologic malignancies and to improve patient enrollment in clinical trials.