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Head and Neck TumorsThis management guide covers the risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of head and neck cancers (including tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, supraglottis, glottis, subglottis, and nasopharynx) using radiation, surgery, and medical treatment.
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Colorectal Cancer: Chemotherapy Treatment OverviewFluorouracil (5-FU) has remained the standard therapy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer for over 40 years. Unfortunately, only a minority of patients experience objective clinical response.
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Photodynamic Therapy in Lung CancerAs a practicing physician, Dr.Ost’s perspective on the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of lung cancer is informative and helpful, particularly regarding its application in the multimodality setting. My comments represent the viewpoint of a scientist involved in the clinical use of PDT in an academic tertiary referral institution.
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It’s Tough to Make Predictions, Especially About the Future ... of Rectal CancerBy adjusting the sequencing of currently available treatments, improved compliance with therapy is ensured, and novel scientific and clinically relevant hypotheses can be further explored.
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Smoking Cessation: Recent Developments in Behavioral and Pharmacologic InterventionsSmoking kills more than 430,000 people each year in the United States and is currently estimated to be responsible for 30.5% of all cancer-related deaths in our society. The majority of these deaths could be prevented,
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How Do Targeted Therapies Change the Management of Indolent Lymphomas?Prior to the advent of targeted therapies, there were few options other than chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with indolent B-cell lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Commentary (Sequist/Lynch): EGFR Inhibitors in Lung CancerThe review by Jan Buter andGiuseppe Giaccone in this issueof ONCOLOGY is an excellentoverview of the current statusof the anti–epidermal growth factorreceptor (EGFR) agents gefitinib (Iressa),erlotinib (Tarceva), and cetuximab(Erbitux). The authors addresssome of the most important issuesregarding anti-EGFR agents currently in clinical development. Key amongthese are the importance of patientselection and drug dosage in the successand failure of various clinicaltrials. This article raises several veryinteresting questions in the developmentof this class of agents.
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Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Has Made Great Strides and the Future Remains BrightThomas J. Polascik, MD, reflects on a manuscript written by his colleagues regarding the use of focal therapy to treat localized prostate cancer.
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The State of Prostate MRI in 2013Our aims in this article are to describe the various imaging sequences that comprise the multiparametric MRI exam, as well as to review current literature on the strengths/weaknesses of these sequences; to delineate strategies for standardizing interpretation and reporting of MRI results; and to expound on the role of prostate MRI in clinical practice.
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Strategies for Addressing Cancer Patients’ Complaints of FatigueCancer-related fatigue is a common, albeit complex, symptom experienced by many cancer patients. Identification of fatigue and assessment of its severity should be a part of routine office care and can be performed using simple, one-question screening tools.
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A Colorectal Surgeon’s Perspective on the Current Surgical Options for Rectal Cancer After ChemoradiationA prospective trial needs to be done in order to create a safe and responsible environment in which to offer patients the watch-and-wait option for rectal cancer.
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Empiric Antifungal Therapy for the Neutropenic PatientThe article written by Drs. Wingard and Leather presents a thoughtful review of the current approaches to empiric antifungal therapy in neutropenic patients. Empiric antifungal therapy has evolved as a standard of care for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients who remain persistently febrile despite the use of broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics.[1-3] Empiric antifungal therapy in this setting provides early treatment for clinically occult invasive fungal infections and systemic prophylaxis for neutropenic patients at highest risk.
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Local Excision for Rectal Cancer: An Uncertain FutureAdenocarcinoma of the rectum remains a significant public health challenge, with 39,000 new cases and 8,500 deaths predicted for 1998. Radical surgery, the current standard therapy, frequently necessitates the formation of
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Current Application and Research Directions for Partial-Breast IrradiationBreast-conservation therapy (BCT), consisting of lumpectomy followed by whole-breast irradiation (WBI), is the standard of care for women with early-stage breast cancer. However, many women who are candidates for BCT either choose mastectomy or lumpectomy alone for myriad reasons. Accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) is a collection of radiotherapy techniques that deliver higher daily doses of radiation to the surgical cavity with margin over a shorter time than WBI, reducing total treatment time from 6-6.5 weeks to 1-2 weeks. Advocates of APBI state that early results of this approach demonstrate excellent local control, minimal acute toxicity, and are associated with more convenience for the patient. Phase III randomized clinical trials are currently underway to assess local control, acute and chronic toxicities, and quality of life associated with APBI compared to WBI. In this review, we hope to clarify the rationale behind APBI and discuss in depth data concerning various partial-breast irradiation techniques that are being used throughout the United States and around the world.
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PSA Screening in Men Newly Diagnosed With Colorectal Cancer: Each According to His Group’s Means?Once a patient has been appropriately educated by an informed healthcare provider about the possible benefits of PSA screening, then patient preference as part of shared decision making regarding PSA screening should be considered in all cases.
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Will Current Clinical Trials Answer the Most Important Questions About Prostate Adenocarcinoma?Despite a heightened focus of the medical and research community on prostate cancer, many important questions about this disease remain unanswered. These include questions about the possible prevention of prostate cancer, as well as the optimal treatment approaches for localized, locally advanced, metastatic, and hormone-refractory disease. A whole host of prospective, well-designed clinical trials are currently in progress that should answer many of these questions. This review briefly explores some of these unresolved issues and describes ongoing trials designed to address them. [ONCOLOGY 11(8):1-11, 1997]
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Cancer and Healthcare Reform: Making the Pieces FitCancer service leaders must create the vision, embrace the change agenda, and drive the roadmap in order to make the strategic and clinical changeover to value.
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Radiotherapy Is NOT Essential to Cure Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin LymphomaDLBCL of any stage remains a systemic disease with early hematogenous spread. Thus, arguments advocating the role of IFRT do not truly address disease biology, and all future efforts to cure patients will require improved systemic therapy.
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Commentary (Byrne): Early Detection and Treatment of Spinal Cord CompressionAs outlined by Dr. Ruckdeschel,the evaluation and management of metastatic spinal metastasesand associated epidural spinalcord compression have been simplifiedby the advent of magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI), which is muchmore sensitive and specific than plainx-rays and radionuclide bone scanning.Furthermore, because most patientscan now undergo MRI ratherthan invasive myelography, thethreshold for diagnosing epiduralmetastatic disease has been lowered.Accordingly, it has become the test ofchoice for evaluating most patientswith suspected spinal metastases.
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Management of Intermediate-Grade LymphomasIntermediate-grade lymphomas are defined by the Working Formulation to include four histologic subgroups: follicular large-cell, diffuse small-cleaved-cell, diffuse mixed small- and large-cell, and diffuse large cell (Groups
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Practice Apoptosis: When Partners RetireKicking off the first in a series of podcasts, a noted healthcare consultant discusses how retirement can fracture a practice.
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A 54-Year-Old Woman With Recurrent Headaches and SeizuresThe patient’s medical history is remarkable only for asthma and mild emphysema. The family history included a grandmother with gastric cancer. The patient had been taking estrogen replacement therapy since menopause 3 years earlier, and she was
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Treatment of Earlier-Stage Disease May Strengthen NMIBC-Related SurvivalConsidering which non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer cases may be cured by surgery alone may help mitigate overtreatment in this patient group.
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Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in a Young Child With Thick Cutaneous MelanomaHead and neck melanoma is a rare and aggressive childhoodmalignancy. Surgery remains the primary treatment, with lymphaticinvolvement determined by neck dissection. In the adult population,sentinel lymph node biopsy has emerged as a less morbid yet accuratemethod of staging regional lymph nodes. This innovative technique canalso be used in the pediatric population.
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One Institution’s Experience With Implementation of EPIC/Beacon: Lessons LearnedA recent survey of the medical oncologists and oncology nursing staff at UCH showed that 71% of physicians feel Beacon has made patient treatment easier for providers.
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Achieving Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records for the OncologistIn 2003, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued a report outlining key capabilities of an electronic health record.[1]
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Comparative Effectiveness and Comparative CostsKilbridge correctly points out that comparative effectiveness research (CER) does not require cost data. It should also be pointed out, however, that the composition of the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gain of one intervention over another-whether the QALY gain is achieved mainly in the dimension of longevity or in the dimension of quality of life-has real consequences in terms of comparative costs of the interventions. Basically, a longevity increase entails additional consumption costs and additional labor earnings, essentially negative costs, during the extended life that should be included in the “cost” of an intervention.[1-3] Because labor earnings tend to be negligible relative to consumption costs toward the end of one’s life, due to sickness or retirement, failure to incorporate consumption costs and labor earnings into the comparative costs of two interventions generates a bias in favor of the intervention with the larger longevity effect.
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What Is the Optimal Initial Treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?For decades, initial therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) consisted of alkylators such as chlorambucil (Leukeran). The introduction of nucleoside analogs such as fludarabine and monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab (Rituxan) markedly changed the initial therapy of CLL, particularly in the United States. Fludarabine and combination regimens such as fludarabine/cyclophosphamide (FC) have achieved higher complete response (CR) rates and progression-free survival (PFS) than chlorambucil in previously untreated CLL, but long-term overall survival has not improved, due to concurrent improvement in salvage therapy of relapsed CLL patients. Upfront chemoimmunotherapy regimens such as fludarabine/rituximab (FR) and fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab (FCR) have similarly improved CR rates and PFS in previously untreated CLL patients, but it is unclear whether overall survival is improved. Advances in cytogenetic analysis and other biologic prognostic factors have greatly enhanced clinicians' ability to risk-stratify newly diagnosed CLL patients, and knowledge of such prognostic factors is necessary to properly interpret results of clinical treatment studies. The choice of initial therapy for an individual patient should depend upon the patient's age and medical condition, cytogenetic and other prognostic factors, and whether the goal of therapy is maximization of CR and PFS or palliation of symptoms with minimal toxicity.
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The Costs of Cancer Care in the United States: Implications for ActionThe total annual cost of cancer care in the United States (including direct and indirect costs) has been estimated at more than $96 billion. Although third-party payers have led the effort to reduce these costs, such high
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Could SBRT Have Role in Metastatic Kidney Cancer?This video examines a pilot trial that tested stereotactic body radiotherapy plus nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
