Colorectal Cancer

PHOENIX-Conservative, sphincter-sparing surgery followed by chemotherapy plus radiotherapy appears effective in selected patients with early-stage rectal cancer, Anthony Russell, MD, said at the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology meeting.

Hormone replacement therapy may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in women, according to new results of a meta-analysis presented at the North American Menopause Society meeting.

Scientists at Jefferson Medical College believe they’ve uncovered a molecular mechanism by which aspirin interferes with colorectal cancer development in individuals who carry particular gene mutations that make them very likely to get the

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of death in the United States, where it accounts for approximately 57,000 deaths per year. Thus, the prevention of this disease would have a significant impact on public health. Chemoprevention is defined as the use of natural or pharmacologic agents to disrupt the process of carcinogenesis. Substances explored as chemopreventive agents in colorectal cancer include: (1) the nonsteroidal anti-inflamma-tory drugs (NSAIDS), which may inhibit the evolution and formation of adenomas by their inhibition of cyclooxygenase and decrease of prostaglandin synthesis; (2) antioxidants, such as vitamin E or C, which may modulate carcinogenic substances; and (3) folate and calcium, which may interfere with tumor cell growth and replication. Dietary intervention can be accomplished by decreasing fat intake and increasing fiber consumption, both of which have been linked to a lower incidence of colon cancer in multiple epidemiologic studies. This field is continuing to evolve. Hopefully, ongoing research efforts will offer a better understanding of the role of these and other substances in chemoprevention. This article summarizes the available data regarding dietary and pharmacologic approaches to colorectal cancer chemoprevention. [ONCOLOGY 1(13):89-98, 1999]

Data presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting by Professor Eric Van Cutsem, MD, PhD, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium, demonstrate, for the first time, that people with metastatic colorectal cancer who

Metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver develops in over 50,000 US patients each year and is rapidly fatal if untreated. Even the most active chemotherapeutic agents rarely prolong survival for more than 3 years. Liver

In patients with Dukes’ C colorectal cancer, therapy with a novel murine monoclonal antibody, Mab 17-1A (edrecolomab [Panorex]), manufactured by Centocor, reduced death by 32% and recurrence of disease by more than 23%, according to a

TORONTO--Visualization of gastrointestinal carcinomas is enhanced with the use of a radiolabeled peptide developed at the University of Vienna, according to a study presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM).

During the past decade, advances have been made in the adjuvant treatment of resectable rectal cancer. Postoperative combined-modality therapy significantly improves local control and survival. Recent Intergroup

The best deterrent against colorectal cancer may be to photograph the cecum--where a significance incidence of colorectal cancer occurs--as a complement to performing colonoscopy, according to a study conducted in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The

Recent advances in research focused on identifying genetic and other markers that can predict cancer risk were reported at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). Included in the presentations were reports of

Adenocarcinoma of the rectum remains a significant public health challenge, with 39,000 new cases and 8,500 deaths predicted for 1998. Radical surgery, the current standard therapy, frequently necessitates the formation of

COLUMBUS, Ohio--Rectal cancer is treated with a wide variety of operations and adjuvant therapy. This variety makes extensive preoperative evaluation mandatory, said Karamjit Khanduja, MD, chief of the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mt. Carmel Health, Columbus, Oho.

COLUMBUS, Ohio--Although virtual colonoscopy is a new and still evolving technology, it could one day prove to be more convenient and less expensive than traditional methods of colon cancer screening, said David J. Vining, MD, assistant professor of diagnostic radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

Scientists at the American Health Foundation’s Nutritional Carcinogenesis Division, under the direction of Dr. Bandaru S. Reddy, division chief and associate director of the Foundation’s Naylor Dana Institute, Valhalla, New York, and Dr. Karen Seibert of Searle Research & Development, St. Louis, Missouri, described an exceptionally strong inhibitor of colon cancer development in an animal model assay in the February 1, 1998, issue of Cancer Research.

Sphincter-preserving treatment with combined radiation and chemotherapy has replaced abdominoperineal resection as the standard of care for patients with carcinoma of the anal canal. Randomized studies have shown

A genetic mutation in the adenomatous polyposis (APC) gene found in 7% of Ashkenazi Jewish families in the United States does not necessarily lead to colon cancer, according to a study in the December 15, 1997, issue of Cancer Research.

Surgical oncology themes at the 1997 European Cancer Conference (ECCO 9) included the need for meticulous surgery and the need for surgeons to develop and implement guidelines for the management of cancer.

The Society of Surgical Oncology surgical practice guidelines focus on the signs and symptoms of primary cancer, timely evaluation of the symptomatic patient, appropriate preoperative evaluation for extent of disease, and role of the surgeon in

Screening for colon colon by any of several different strategies is highly cost effective, but nonetheless expensive. It is unclear whether American society--in the form of the federal government, private insurers, managed care organizations, or individual

In this issue, Harrison et al give the rationale for intraoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (IOHDR) and provide an excellent summary of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) experience with this treatment. Intraoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy is used in very few centers [1-4], and its worldwide use has been recently summarized [5,6]. Although our experience with IOHDR at Ohio State University parallels that of Harrison et al in some respects, it differs in others. I will highlight these differences to give readers a more balanced view of IOHDR.

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has the obvious advantage of maximally irradiating the tumor bed while eliminating surrounding normal organs from the field of radiation. This approach has been especially useful when the required radiation dose exceeds the tolerance dose of the surrounding normal tissues. However, the application of IORT has been significantly limited by cost, logistic issues, and technical problems related to delivering treatment to difficult anatomic areas. We have developed a new approach to IORT that obviates the need for patient transport: In a dedicated, shielded operating room, the surgery is performed and IORT is delivered via HDR remote afterloading. We have found this approach to be cost effective, logistically sound, and suitable for a wide range of anatomic sites. The technical aspects of the procedure, as well our preliminary results in colorectal cancer, will be presented. Lastly, the authors present the technical aspects of delivering HDR intraoperative brachytherapy, their dosimetry atlas, and their results using HDR-IORT in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer[ONCOLOGY 9(7):679-683, 1995]