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Relapsed Follicular Lymphoma: Response to a Fludarabine/Mitoxantrone Regimen and the Monoclonal Anti-CD20 Antibody RituximabOur objective was to determine the efficacy of a fludarabine (Fludara)/mitoxantrone (Novantrone) regimen combined with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (Rituxan) to induce clinical and molecular remissions in patients with relapsed
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Relapsed Follicular Lymphoma: Response to a Fludarabine/Mitoxantrone Regimen and the Monoclonal Anti-CD20 Antibody RituximabOur objective was to determine the efficacy of a fludarabine (Fludara)/mitoxantrone (Novantrone) regimen combined with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (Rituxan) to induce clinical and molecular remissions in patients with relapsed
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Treatment for Advanced Melanoma: New Drugs, New Opportunities, New ChallengesRemarkably, within 2 years of the introduction of ipilimumab and vemurafenib into the clinic, major new advances have been reported in both the immune checkpoint blockade and small-molecule kinase inhibition arenas.
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Encouraging Improvement in Cytopenias of Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes With ThalidomideMyelodysplastic syndrome patients present with variable cytopenias even though their bone marrows are generally hypercellular. Excessive cytokine-induced apoptosis of hematopoietic cells in the marrows has been proposed as a possible
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Immunotherapeutic Approaches Have the Potential to Brighten the Future Not Only for Patients With del(17p13.1), but for All CLL PatientsMost cases the clinical management of CLL patients with del(17p13.1) poses enormous challenges, and patients should be included in clinical trials whenever possible. However, there are a number of promising novel drugs and immunotherapy strategies under investigation.
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Allogeneic Transplantation for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the Age of Novel Treatment StrategiesThe aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on HSCT in CLL and to discuss critically its role in the age of novel treatment strategies.
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Alternatives to Oral Opioids for Cancer PainAlthough the optimal route of administration of opioids is by mouth, some patients may require alternative routes during the course of their illnesses for several reasons. These include bowel obstruction, severe emesis, or severe
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How to Address Sexual Problems in Female Cancer PatientsSexual health is an important aspect of human life, and cancer does not (and should not) change that. Data suggest that issues related to sexual function are quite common among women treated for cancer. However, clinicians often spend little to no time on the topic.
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Commentary (Giaccone/Barlesi): Perspectives on Salvage Therapy for Non–Small-Cell Lung CancerCappuzzo and colleagues havereviewed the present optionsof salvage therapy for advancednon–small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). This issue is highly relevantnowadays, as many patients whofail palliative chemotherapy are stillin sufficiently good condition to receiveadditional therapy. It is ratherinstructive to note that 10 years agothe use of systemic chemotherapy foradvanced NSCLC was advocated butstill not standard, and today we haveseveral options for treating patients inthe second- and even third-line setting.Among these options are agents thatspecifically target molecular featuresof lung cancer, such as the epidermalgrowth factor receptor (EGFR)
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Colorectal Cancer Surgical Practice GuidelinesThe Society of Surgical Oncology surgical practice guidelines focus on the signs and symptoms of primary cancer, timely evaluation of the symptomatic patient, appropriate preoperative evaluation for extent of disease, and role of the surgeon in
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Lymphatic Mapping in the Treatment of Breast CancerDeveloped initially for the treatment of malignant melanoma, lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy have recently been introduced into the treatment of early breast cancer. In breast cancer patients, harvested
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Commentary (Tahn/Khuri): Second-Line Treatment of Small-Cell Lung CancerSmall-cell lung cancer (SCLC)poses one of the greatest managementchallenges in clinicaloncology, as the mortality rate approaches95% within 2 years afterpresentation for patients with extensivedisease, despite widespread useof combination chemotherapy.[1]Given a disease that is largely managedby the community physician andfor which recent definitive clinicaltrials are relatively scarce,[2] it isincumbent upon the clinician to becognizant of the critical factors innostudies suggesting that three-drugcombinations are indicated.
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Lung Cancer in the Elderly: What’s Age Got to Do With It?The review by Dr. Chiappori and colleagues in this issue of ONCOLOGY addresses an important challenge relating to the optimal management of elderly patients with lung cancer. The authors provide an excellent overview of the data in patients with various stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They also highlight the limitations of the existing data in the management of elderly NSCLC patients.
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Does Neck Stage Predict Local Control After Irradiation for Head and Neck Cancer?The paper by Mendenhall et al addresses a very debatable issue, ie, the influence of nodal stage on local control for head and neck carcinomas treated by radiotherapy. The paper is well written and appropriately referenced, and the authors fairly conclude that, based on currently available data, nodal stage has no clear impact on the probability of primary local control after radiotherapy.
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Supportive Nutritional Management of the Patient With PancreaticProgressive weight loss and nutritional deterioration are commonly found in the patient with pancreatic cancer. The combined effects of the central anatomic location of the pancreas,
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Synopsis of Angiogenesis Inhibitors in OncologyAngiogenesis is a dynamic process essential for primary tumor growth and metastases. New insights into the basic understanding of the biologic processes responsible for angiogenesis have led to the characterization of potential therapeutic targets. Several strategies for the development of antiangiogenic therapeutic modalities have been employed, including agents that (1) decrease the activity of specific angiogenic factors, (2) decrease the activity of endothelial survival factors, (3) increase the activity of naturally occurring antiangiogenic agents, or (4) indirectly downregulate angiogenic and survival factor activity.
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Romiplostim for the Treatment of Chronic Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic PurpuraOn August 22, 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted marketing approval (licensure) to romiplostim (Nplate, Amgen Inc) for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who have had an insufficient response to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or splenectomy.
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Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Can Be Treated Successfully Without Cytotoxic ChemotherapyIn their scholarly article, Dr. Park and Dr. Tallman review the important clinical trials for treating patients with APL reported over the last two decades and argue the case for further reduction and perhaps elimination of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy in the frontline treatment of this disease.[1]
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Radiologic Diagnosis of Extrathoracic Metastases to the LungBecause many types of cancers metastasize to the lungs, early detection may affect both tumor staging and treatment planning. On the other hand, it is also important to refrain from subjecting patients to procedures that
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An Extended Time Frame for VTE Risk in Bladder CancerCancer promotes the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) by inducing a hypercoaguable state, through mechanisms that are complex and multifactorial.
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Transplant Registries: Guiding Clinical Decisions and Improving OutcomesAbout 50,000 hematopoietic stem cell transplantations are performed yearly, primarily for malignancies. Use of this therapy increased dramatically over the past 30 years due to its proven and potential efficacy in diverse
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Fay Hlubocky on Recognizing and Addressing Clinician BurnoutIn this interview we discuss the issue of burnout in oncology, including signs and risk factors, how it might affect patient care, and strategies for prevention.
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Docetaxel/Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Metastic Breast CancerA pilot phase II study examined the feasibility of 75 mg/m² of docetaxel (Taxotere) in combination with 50 mg/m²of doxorubicin and 500 mg/m² of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar) in the first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide combination both alone and as induction before high-dose chemotherapy, supplemented by autologous peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation.
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Commentary (Corica/Keane): Organ Preservation in Muscle-Invasive Bladder CancerThis is a timely review on thecurrent status of selective bladderpreservation for muscleinvasivebladder cancer. Although controversial,the concept is extremely attractiveto patients, and evidence fromretrospective and/or small series demonstrateits efficacy. Most of these trials,however, have included highlyselected patients. Unfortunately, thereare few, if any, ongoing randomizedcontrolled trials comparing radical cystectomyto bladder-preserving protocols.Although the overall 5-yearsurvival rate for radical cystectomy andtrimodality therapy is approximately50%, patients with pure T2 disease frequentlyachieve 5-year survival ratesapproaching 70%.[1-3] While it is clearlybeyond the scope of this editorial togo into an in-depth analysis of all thestudies reported to date, several significantquestions remain.
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What Is the Indication for Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma? A Clinical ChallengeIn this review article we will discuss the current data on, and future role of, sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Child-Pugh A cirrhosis, in conjunction with local therapy, and in a transplant setting.
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Perspectives on Salvage Therapy for Non–Small-Cell Lung CancerPlatinum-based chemotherapy offers a modest survival advantage overbest supportive care in chemotherapy-naive patients with a good performancestatus and advanced/metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Despite the survival benefit associated with first-line chemotherapy,the majority of patients will experience relapse or disease progression.In clinical practice, an increasing number of patients maintaina good performance status after first-line treatment and are eligible forfurther treatments. Docetaxel (Taxotere) at 75 mg/m2 given once every3 weeks has been the standard of care for second-line chemotherapy sincethe year 2000. Pemetrexed (Alimta) is a novel multitargeted antifolateagent with single-agent activity in first- and second-line treatment ofNSCLC. A large phase III study comparing docetaxel to pemetrexed insecond-line therapy demonstrated that pemetrexed is equally active andless toxic than docetaxel. Based on these results, pemetrexed is a reasonablesecond-line chemotherapy option for patients with recurrent, advancedNSCLC. Progress made in the field of molecular biology has led to theidentification of drugs active against specific cellular targets. Gefitinib(Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva) are both orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitorsof the epidermal growth factor receptor. Phase II and III trialshave demonstrated that these agents are active particularly in a subgroupof patients with specific biologic characteristics. Both drugs have beenapproved for the treatment of pretreated NSCLC. Other drugs, such ascetuximab (Erbitux) and bevacizumab (Avastin) have shown promisingactivity in NSCLC and are currently being tested in clinical trials.
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Uracil/Tegafur Plus Oral Calcium Folinate in Advanced Breast CancerUracil and tegafur (in a molar ratio of 4:1 [UFT]) has proven activity against breast cancer and is delivered in an easy-to-administer oral formulation. Orzel, which combines UFT with the oral biomodulator, calcium folinate, may
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Bone marrow procedures move into the 21st centuryMore than 700,000 biopsies are performed in the U.S. every year, but the technology has not always kept pace with cancer diagnosis and therapy. A new technique allows rapid and easy access to the marrow space.
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Best Treatment of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A French PerspectiveThe Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte (GELA) has conductedseveral phase II and III studies in patients with aggressive lymphoma,diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and T-cell lymphomasduring the past 20 years, in France and Belgium. These studieshave demonstrated that the outcome of patients with DLBCL may beimproved and that the standard CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicinHCl, vincristine [Oncovin], prednisone) regimen is not sufficient tocure a large number of patients. The first improvement was the demonstrationof superiority of a dose-dense and dose-intense regimen, ACVBP(doxorubicin [Adriamycin], cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin,prednisone). The second improvement was made in young patients withpoor-risk lymphoma by intensifying their treatment with high-dosetherapy and autotransplant. The third and most significant improvementwas in the results associated with the combination of rituximab(Rituxan) and chemotherapy. Current studies look at decreasing thenumber of patients truly refractory to chemotherapy, decreasing relapserate with rituximab maintenance, and finding an appropriate regimenfor patients with T-cell lymphoma.
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Emerging Categories of Disease in Advanced Prostate Cancer and Their Therapeutic ImplicationsIn this article, we look at both metastatic hormone-sensitive and metastatic castration-resistant disease, and we highlight several of the emerging categories of advanced prostate cancer that have direct implications for patient management.
