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Prostate Cancer Death Linked With Shorter Sleep DurationThis video examines results of a study that found that shorter sleep duration was linked with an increased risk of death among patients with prostate cancer.
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ALARA: In Radiation Oncology and Diagnostic Imaging AlikeIn this issue of ONCOLOGY, Dr. Goske and colleagues present an excellent review of efforts to reduce radiation exposure from diagnostic medical imaging.[1]
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NCI's Cancer Information Systems-Bringing Medical Knowledge to CliniciansThe National Cancer Institute's computerized information systems have been designed to help physicians cope with the information explosion by translating the medical literature into usable forms. Systems developed by the
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Book Review: Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book, 2nd EditionSince the initial publication of Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book 5 years ago, every oncologist has seen this guide in the arms of many patients. When I read the cover to the second edition, stating that the book was "fully revised," I could not imagine how the universally excellent first edition could have been improved. The original text, in fact, remains essentially unchanged in the second edition. What has changed is the addition of some 138 pages addressing recent developments or expanding on various issues.
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Unique Case Documents Involution of Nevi on BRAF/MEK InhibitorsIn this interview we discuss a patient who experienced regression of BRAF-inhibitor-induced eruptive melanocytic nevi following concomitant addition of a MEK inhibitor.
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Case Study: Osteonecrosis of the JawThe patient, RJ, a 61-year-old female, was diagnosed with stage IIIA, hormone-positive, HER2-negative infiltrating ductal breast cancer 4 years ago. Following a lumpectomy and axillary node dissection, she was treated with systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy with an aromatase inhibitor. At her 3-year follow-up visit, she complained of a persistent cough, dyspnea, and vague bone pain in her lower back and hips. Staging diagnostic exams revealed several pulmonary nodules and multiple bone metastases, primarily in the bilateral hips, left ribs, and left femur.
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Potential Approvals of CLL Combination Therapies in 2022Susan M. O’Brien, MD, on potential upcoming approvals in 2022 for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia with combination therapies.
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Chemotherapy vs Ibrutinib for Frontline Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaThis video examines frontline treatment options for patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia, including considerations for when chemotherapy or ibrutinib might be more appropriate.
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Roles of Advanced Practice Nurses in OncologyThe article by McDermott Blackburn describes advanced practice in oncology nursing in the managed-care environment. The strength of this article is its detailed description of the traditional roles of the clinical nurse specialist and the nurse practitioner. The author identifies the controversial trend to merge these two distinct advanced practice roles in oncology nursing, and highlights another significant trend-the evolving role of case management in comprehensive cancer care.
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AIDS Malignancies in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral TherapyThe article by Drs. Gates and Kaplan provides an excellent review of malignancies associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 disease and chronicles the epidemiologic changes seen during the past 5 years. The literature review is very thorough and well balanced.
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Combined-Modality Treatment of Esophageal CancerThe use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy prior to surgery for patients with potentially resectable esophageal carcinoma has been investigated since the late 1970s, with trials yielding response rates approaching 50%.
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Commentary (Zweizig)-Human Papillomaviruses: Their Clinical Significance in the Management of Cervical CarcinomaHines and colleagues provide a comprehensive review of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its association with cervical carcinoma. It is now widely appreciated that HPV infection is important in the etiology of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma.
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UFT/Leucovorin Plus Weekly Irinotecan in Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal CancerThis is an open-label, nonrandomized phase I trial to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose of irinotecan with a fixed dose of UFT plus oral leucovorin in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Chemotherapeutic Strategies for Advanced Breast CancerDisease-free and overall survival have improved significantly for women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer. At the same time, systemic therapy has only slightly enhanced long-term outcomes in advanced breast cancer, a disease that remains largely incurable. Several single-agent and combination chemotherapy approaches are available to women with hormone-insensitive advanced disease that may improve overall survival and progression-free survival, minimize symptoms and complications related to the disease, and improve overall quality of life. In addition, new cytotoxic and targeted agents have been recently introduced into practice and have improved both survival outcomes and quality of life. In this review, we will provide an update on commonly used chemotherapy-based regimens for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, with a focus on tailoring therapy to different subtypes of the disease.
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Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Mitomycin C and UFT for Rectal CancerTo evaluate the significance of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using mitomycin C (MMC) and UFT (tegafur and uracil) in combination, the Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial with 834 patients who had undergone curative resection for rectal cancer (T3 or T4 tumors and/or N1, N2, or N3 disease). The patients were randomly allocated to a treatment group (MMC/UFT, 416 patients) and a control group (surgery only, 418 patients). For patients in the treatment group, 20 mg of MMC was sprinkled on the operating field upon completion of surgery. MMC was intravenously injected at 6 mg/m2 on day 7, and then each month after surgery for 6 months. UFT was administered orally at 400 mg/day for 1 year. Although no difference was observed in the 5-year survival rate between the two groups, the 5-year disease-free survival rate in the MMC/UFT group was 69.1%, which was significantly higher than in the control group (59.3%, P = .005). The 5-year cumulative local recurrence rate was significantly lower in the MMC/UFT group (11.6%) than in the control group (19.0%) (P = .0071). We conclude that the adjuvant use of long-term oral UFT and intermittent intravenous MMC improves the disease-free survival rate of patients with curatively resected rectal cancer. [ONCOLOGY 11(Suppl 10):40-43, 1997]
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UFT Plus Cisplatin With Concurrent Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung CancerA phase II study of combined-modality treatment consisting of uracil and tegafur (in a molar ratio of 4:1 [UFT]) plus cisplatin (Platinol) and concurrent radiotherapy was conducted to evaluate the activity of this regimen in
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Combination Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer: Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, UFT, and TamoxifenWe evaluated combination therapy for advanced and recurrent breast cancer with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), uracil and tegafur (UFT), and tamoxifen (Nolvadex) (CAUT), designed as
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Third-Line Treatment Options for Kidney CancerEffectively, the field has tested agents for metastatic disease in only two clinical settings: primary management of metastatic disease (first-line) and after progression with a first-line therapy (second-line); however, there are no category 1 data that support the use of any agent in the third-line setting.
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Cancer Pain Management in the 21st CenturyCancer causes pain as it invades bone, compresses nerves, produces obstructive symptoms in the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems, and distends involved visceral organs. This manuscript reviews progress in cancer pain management during the past 2 decades. Since the 1980s, we have seen (1) genuine advances in research on the biology of pain, (2) new approaches to the treatment of cancer pain, and (3) important changes in the health-care system to ensure that pain is appropriately assessed and managed. Currently, clinicians have the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic tools to ensure that the vast majority of patients with cancer pain can be comfortable during their illness. Nevertheless, too many patients with terminal malignancies continue to die in pain in nations around the globe. An effective strategy to make alleviating pain a major health-care priority remains the primary challenge to effectively palliating patients with cancer pain.
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Study Finds ESR1 Mutations Drive Metastasis in ER-Positive Breast CancerThis video looks at a new study that found that in addition to conferring resistance to hormone therapies, estrogen receptor mutations can cause breast cancer cells to metastasize.
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Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: Deceptively Simple?Due to the fact that we do not have mature long-term data regarding efficacy, we are still several years away from declaring IORT to be a viable alternative to the current standard of care in patients with early-stage breast cancer.
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Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer: Not Ready for Routine UseWe know that breast cancer represents a spectrum of diseases, with variation in prognosis, and that RT can range from highly complex treatments to the breast and regional lymph nodes, to complete avoidance of radiation.
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he Oncology Nurse's Role in the Informed Consent ProcessCancer clinical trials are a necessary component of the effort to improve cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Essential to this process is the informed consent of the individuals who participate in these research studies. The purpose of this article is to describe patient, provider, and informed consent process issues with presentations of data reported in the current literature. The role of nursing in the facilitation of informed consent is discussed.
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Multidisciplinary Management of Pediatric Soft-Tissue SarcomaThe management of pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas has improved drastically through the use of multimodal therapy. These tumors include rhabdomyosarcomas and nonrhabdomyosarcomas. Both are staged using
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Genetics and Genomics: A New Frontier in OncologyLea and Calzone have provided an outstanding overview of genetics and genomic research applicable to the subspecialty of oncology nursing.
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Mathematical Modeling for Breast Cancer Risk AssessmentWomen at increased risk of breast cancer have important opportunities for early detection and prevention. There are, however, serious drawbacks to the available interventions. The magnitude of breast cancer risk is a crucial factor in the optimization of medical benefit when considering the efficacy of risk-reduction methods, the adverse effects of intervention, and economic and quality-of-life outcomes. Breast cancer risk assessment has become increasingly quantitative and is amenable to computerization. The assembly of risk factor information into practical, quantitative models for clinical and scientific use is relatively advanced for breast cancer, and represents a paradigm for broader risk management in medicine. Using a case-based approach, we will summarize the major breast cancer risk assessment models, compare and contrast their utility, and illustrate the role of genetic testing in risk management. Important considerations relevant to clinical oncology practice include the role of risk assessment in cancer prevention, the logistics of implementing risk assessment, the ramifications of conveying risk information with limited genetic counseling, and the mechanisms for genetics referral. Medical professionals can embrace new preventive medicine techniques more effectively by utilizing quantitative methods to assess their patients’ risks. [ONCOLOGY 16:1082-1099, 2002]
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The Timing of Breast Cancer Surgery During the Menstrual CycleA number of recent studies have suggested that survival among premenopausal women after primary treatment of breast cancer may be affected by the estimated hormonal milieu at the time of surgery, especially in those with
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ONS: Genetics and Genomics MattersThis interview covers standards for healthcare provider competency in offering comprehensive genetic services, and highlights genetics/genomics resources for nurses.
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Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment ProgramProstate cancer is the most common form of cancer (except skin cancer) in men. Several factors have been associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer, including age, ethnicity, family history, lifestyle, and
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Stress and Burnout in OncologyThis article identifies the professional stressors experienced by nurses, house staff, and medical oncologists and examines the effect of stress and personality attributes on burnout scores. A survey was conducted of 261 house
