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A previously unrecognized biochemical mechanism by which the immune system reins in the tissue-destroying activities of T

GAITHERSBURG, Md--Genetic Therapy, Inc. has begun phase I testing of a gene therapy protocol designed to protect patients' blood from the destructive effects of high-dose chemotherapy. The trial, headed by Kenneth H. Cowan, MD, PhD, of the NCI, will include approximately 18 metastatic breast cancer patients being treated at the NIH.

BETHESDA, Md--Of the more than 30 million African-Americans in the United States today, fewer than 60 are board-certified oncologists, according to an NIH research report on minority health.

This column is the first in a series of articles in Oncology News International that will focus on the impact of managed care on oncology practice. The series will discuss aspects of managed care that need to be considered by oncologists, either in communities or in academic centers, to remain state-of-the-art into the 21st century.

MANHASSET, NY--North Shore University Hospital-Cornell University Medical College has announced the start of a phase I study of continuous infusion interleukin-2 given with a circadian modified pattern (CORN 9476).

LA JOLLA, Calif--Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has received FDA approval to extend its phase II clinical trials of AG1343, conducted in England, to the United States. Under an investigational new drug application, researchers at the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, and Conant Medical Group, San Francisco, will evaluate alternative daily doses of the oral agent in approximately 30 patients.

WASHINGTON--In a surprise move, the House Labor, HHS and Education Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee voted to increase NIH funding by about $642 million for FY 1996. NCI's 1996 budget of $2.25 billion represents a $31 million increase over the current budget.

BETHESDA, Md--Carol Mans-field, MD, professor of radiation oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, has been appointed chief of NCI's Radiation Research Program. She is former president of the American Radium Society and the American Cancer Society, Philadelphia Division.

MONTREAL, Canada--Combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy and liver transplantation appears to be a very encouraging approach for patients with advanced stage primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Brian I. Carr, MD, FRCP, PhD, said at the 19th International Congress of Chemotherapy.

CRYSTAL CITY, Va--Pain due to cancer or cancer treatments or procedures can present special problems in pediatric patients, making life more difficult for everyone who must deal with the children, including the oncologist, Jo Eland, RN, PhD, said at the 25th Anniversary Conference of the Candlelighters Childhood Cancer Foundation.

As last summer's tale of failed miracles, heroics, and redemption played itself out at Baylor University Medical Center, I struggled to explain to my teenage daughter why Mickey Mantle's liver cancer (and the bottom-of-the-ninth transplant that pushed the game into extra innings) was front page news.

GALVESTON, Tex--W. Stratford May, Jr., MD, PhD, has been appointed the first director of the Sealy Center for Oncology and Hematology at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. He was also named the Bill and Louise Bauer Distinguished Professor in Cancer Research and director of the Division of Hematology/Oncology in the Department of Internal Medicine.

DUBLIN, Ohio--Pharmacia Inc. has received FDA approval to market Zinecard (dexrazoxane for injection), a new agent for reducing the incidence and severity of cardiomyopathy associated with doxorubicin (Adriamycin) administration in women with metastatic breast cancer. The indication is for patients who have received a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 300 mg/m² and, in their physician's opinion, would benefit from continuing doxorubicin therapy.

MONTREAL, Canada--The centerpiece of efforts to develop gene therapy to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease at the University of California, San Diego, has been the use of ribozymes, Flossie Wong-Staal, PhD, said at the 19th International Congress of Chemotherapy.

HR1725, a bill introduced by Sen. Mink (D-HI), to amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act to remove the requirement that exposure resulting in stomach cancer occur before age 30.

The University of Pittsburgh registry of pregnancies exposed to cancer chemotherapy now has more than 260 cases on file. The registry, a summary of published and unpublished outcomes of such pregnancies, is available to expedite counseling for concerned patients and clinicians who may face dilemmas in weighing the benefits of cancer therapy against the risks of teratogenicity.

LONG BEACH, Calif--The Office of Technology Assessment recently gave a rather harsh assessment of the performance of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), stating in its report that the agency has been largely unsuccessful in evaluating treatments, in preparing practice guidelines, and in saving significant health-care dollars, said Samuel Turner, an attorney with Fox, Bennett & Turner, Washington, DC.

WASHINGTON--Medicare coverage for diagnostic mammography has been extended to include men. The Federal Register published a correction to the regulation that had inadvertently omitted men from coverage, but it should be noted that men are not included in coverage for screening mammograms.

CRYSTAL CITY, Va--Candle-lighters Childhood Cancer Foundation, headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, met to celebrate its 25th anniversary, to update the 550 parents and children with cancer who attended the meeting, and to honor individuals and organizations making a contribution to childhood cancer research.

SEATTLE--A mixture of neutron radiation with conventional photon radiation, using a custom tailored pelvic template for each patient, appears to provide more effective therapy for prostate cancer than photon radiation alone (eg, external beam or I-125), while reducing the complications caused by neutron radiation alone, said Jeffrey Forman, MD, of Wayne State University, Detroit.

An outpatient therapy for malignant pleural effusions can improvea cancer patient's quality of life while reducing hospital costs

Recent broad interest in euthanasia and assisted suicide by society at large has prompted this review of euthanasia. This fine,

A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine reportsthat early treatment with Famvir (famciclovir) significantly shortens

ANNAPOLIS, Md--"Of the 1 million people diagnosed with cancer each year, at least half will not receive adequate pain control," said June L. Dahl, PhD, professor of pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, and chair, Wisconsin Cancer Pain Initiative.

WASHINGTON--As more states use prepaid managed care to control costs and improve access for Medicaid patients, the number of participating community health centers continues to grow. The Government Accounting Office (GAO) finds that such financial arrangements are not incompatible with a mission of delivering health care to the medically underserved, but that these institutions face substantial risks and challenges, which require new knowledge, skills, and information systems.

SEATTLE--A study of 1,695 cancer-free men found that PSA density provides a far more accurate screening assay for detection of prostate cancer than PSA serum concentration, Robert Kane, MD, of Harvard Medical School, said at the Pacific Northwest Cancer Foundation Meeting on Transperineal Brachytherapy for Early Stage Prostate Cancer.

Minimizing oral manifestations of cancer treatment is a major concern for both dentists and physicians. This article, by dentists from the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, addresses the prevention and minimization of oral complications by describing their observations and considerations for a wide range of oncologic treatments.

Aggressive cancer therapy places patients at greater risk for oral complications and treatment-related consequences. Unfortunately, prevention and/or treatment of such oral sequelae have become often overlooked priorities of the treatment team.

Toth and his colleagues present an increasingly important subject in their review; not only do oral complications adversely affect patients' quality of life, but also, as nonsurgical antineoplastic therapy becomes more aggressive, they represent an increasingly more common source of sepsis and local and distant-site infection.

Widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a screening tool has led to an increased incidence of biopsy-proven prostate cancer, as well as a shift toward more cases with clinically confined disease (stage T1 to T2). The two traditional therapeutic modalities, radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiation therapy, have undergone technical refinements. Other modalities, such as brachytherapy and cryosurgery, are also being used to treat early-stage disease. Comparisons between treatment results are difficult. Biochemical failure, based on PSA findings, is currently used to measure treatment efficacy, but the precise definition and clinical relevance of biochemical failure have yet to be established. The author presents current analyses of biochemical failure, cause-specific survival, distant metastasis, and morbidity rates following various treatment modalities. [ONCOLOGY 9(9):803-816, 1995]